Manuscript

• Acknowledgement of Lifelines in the title or abstract of all publications using Lifelines data, by using the phrases "Lifelines Cohort Study" or "Lifelines".
• Inclusion of the following sentences:
  "Lifelines is a multi-disciplinary prospective population-based cohort study examining in a unique three-generation design the health and health-related behaviours of 167,729 persons living in the North of the Netherlands. It employs a broad range of investigative procedures in assessing the biomedical, socio-demographic, behavioural, physical and psychological factors which contribute to the health and disease of the general population, with a special focus on multi-morbidity and complex genetics."

Please include the following sentence to acknowledge the funding parties that have made the start of Lifelines possible:
"The Lifelines  initiative has been made possible by subsidy from the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen and the Provinces in the North of the Netherlands (Drenthe, Friesland, Groningen)."

It is obligatory to include at lease one of the references to our cohort papers when introducing Lifelines in your manuscript (MLA referencing):

• Stolk, Ronald P., et al. "Universal risk factors for multifactorial diseases." European journal of epidemiology 23.1 (2008): 67-74.
• Scholtens, Salome, et al. "Cohort Profile: LifeLines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank." International journal of epidemiology 44.4 (2015): 1172-1180.
• Sijtsma, Anna, et al. "Cohort Profile Update: Lifelines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank." International journal of epidemiology (2021).

The use of certain data require additional references when used in your publication. Please do not forget to have a look at these references in the next section on this page.

If authors wish to express their thanks, the following statement may be used: "The authors wish to acknowledge the services of the Lifelines Cohort Study, the contributing research centres delivering data to Lifelines, and all the study participants."

For a data availability statement you can use (a version of) the following sentences:
“Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. Researchers can apply to use the Lifelines data used in this study. More information about how to request Lifelines data and the conditions of use can be found on their website.”

For a participation statement you can use (a version of) the following sentences:

"Lifelines uses multiple channels to keep participants engaged and actively involved. For this purpose, Lifelines has a Participant Advisory Board. The Participant Advisory Board is an independent council consisting of active Lifelines participants that represents the common interests of all participants who participate in the Lifelines research. The council does this by providing solicited and unsolicited advice to management on strategic and practical matters that are important to participants. The council meets at least four times a year. The timing and frequency are determined on a demand-driven basis. If the council or Lifelines have relevant decision-making or policy issues, these will be addressed. Lifelines is responsible for providing relevant background information for these issues (such as reports, reports, overviews of research applications).” 

If you would like/need to include Lifelines as a co-author on your manuscript you can include: “Lifelines Cohort Study”.

The general Lifelines protocol has been approved by the UMCG Medical ethical committee under number 2007/152.

When submitting another product (i.e. not a manuscript), like an abstract, conference talk, infographic, poster, or report the requirements are less strict. The following guidelines should be taken into account:

• Compliance with the our standard export guideline
• Mentioning "Lifelines" or "Lifelines Cohort Study" in the title or text
• If possible, it would be highly appreciated when the following phrase is included:
  "Lifelines is a multi-disciplinary prospective population-based cohort study examining in a unique three-generation design the health and health-related behaviours of 167,729 persons living in the North of the Netherlands. It employs a broad range of investigative procedures in assessing the biomedical, socio-demographic, behavioural, physical and psychological factors which contribute to the health and disease of the general population, with a special focus on multi-morbidity and complex genetics."

When submitting a manuscript that includes data from a large number of data sources (e.g. it is the result from a large (genetic) consortium), you are often unable to include all guidelines. The following should be included:

• Mentioning "Lifelines" or "Lifelines Cohort Study" in the title or text
• Inclusion of one of the Lifelines cohort papers or a link to our website. An alternative option is to include the mandatory information in a supplement.

• Assessment code autq
• Autistic traits wiki page
• Required references:
• 1. For general use:
  Warrier, Varun, et al. "Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals." Nature communications 11.1 (2020): 3959.
  2. For usage of autism-spectrum quotient (AQ):
  Baron-Cohen, Simon, et al. "The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, malesand females, scientists and mathematicians." Journal of autism and developmental disorders 31 (2001): 5-17.

• Assessment code bigq
• Big data wiki page
• Required references: Broekstra, Reinder, et al. "Motives for withdrawal of participation in biobanking and participants’ willingness to allow linkages of their data." European Journal of Human Genetics 30.3 (2022): 367-377.
  Broekstra, Reinder, et al. "Demographic and prosocial intrapersonal characteristics of biobank participants and refusers: the findings of a survey in the Netherlands." European Journal of Human Genetics 29.1 (2021): 11-19.

• Assessment codes deaq and depq
• See the BIONIC wiki page
• Required references:
  1. For usage of the LIDAS data:
  a) Bot, M., et al. "Validity of LIDAS (LIfetime Depression Assessment Self-report): a self-report online assessment of lifetime major depressive disorder." Psychological Medicine 47.2 (2017): 279-289.
  b) Fedko, Iryna O., et al. "Measurement and genetic architecture of lifetime depression in the Netherlands as assessed by LIDAS (Lifetime Depression Assessment Self-report)." Psychological Medicine 51.8 (2021): 1345-1354.
  2. For usage of the deaq questionnaire:
  c) van Loo, Hanna M., Steven H. Aggen, and Kenneth S. Kendler. "The structure of the symptoms of major depression: Factor analysis of a lifetime worst episode of depressive symptoms in a large general population sample." Journal of Affective Disorders 307 (2022): 115-124.

• Assessment code bluq
• Blue light wiki page
• Report providing additional information: van Kerkhof, L. W. M., et al. "Schermgebruik, blauw licht en slaap." (2019). https://doi.org/10.21945/RIVM-2018-0147

• Assessment code covt
• COVID-19 wiki page
• Required banner:
  Lifelines Corona Research Initiative:
  H. Marike Boezen†1, Jochen O. Mierau2,3,9, H. Lude Franke4, Jackie Dekens4,6, Patrick Deelen4, Pauline Lanting4, Judith M. Vonk1, Ilja Nolte1, Anil P.S. Ori4,5, Annique Claringbould4, Floranne Boulogne4, Marjolein X.L. Dijkema4, Henry H. Wiersma4, Robert Warmerdam4, Soesma A. Jankipersadsing4, Irene van Blokland4,7, Geertruida H. de Bock1, Judith GM Rosmalen5,8, Cisca Wijmenga4.
  1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  2 Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  3 Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank, Groningen, The Netherlands
  4 Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  6 Center of Development and Innovation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  7 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  8 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  9 Team Strategy &External Relations, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
• Please have a look at this publication as an example on how to use the banner. You could add "Lifelines Corona Research Initiative" to the author list.

• Assessment code dcdq
• Developmental Coordination Disorder wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Assessment code divq 
• Divorce wiki page 
• Paper providing additional information: de Bel, Vera, and Marijtje AJ van Duijn. "Collecting multi-actor family network data." University of Groningen: Department of Sociology (2019). (published online ahead of print 2024)

• Assessment code earq
• Earthquakes wiki page
• Required reference: Postmes, T., et al. "Gevolgen van bodembeweging voor Groningers: Ervaren veiligheid, gezondheid en toekomstperspectief 2016-2017 (Rapport; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)." (2018).

• Assessment code inf
• Informal care wiki page
• Paper providing additional information: Oldenkamp, Marloes, et al. "Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction." BMC public health 16.1 (2016): 1-11.

• Assessment code musq
• Language and music wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Assessment code roaq
• Female productive health wiki page
  Required reference: Peters, Lilian L, et al. “Women of Reproductive Age living in the north of the netherlands: Lifelines reproductive origins of adult health and disease (lifelines-ROAHD) cohort.” BMJ Open, vol. 13, no. 5, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063890. 

• Assessment code shiq 
• Shiftwork wiki page 
• Paper providing additional information: Streng, Astrid A., et al. "Night shift work characteristics are associated with several elevated metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts in a cross-sectional study." Scientific reports 12.1 (2022): 1-11.

• Assessment code skiq 
• Skin conditions wiki page 
• Required references: 
  1. For usage of hand eczema data:
  Voorberg, Angelique N., Laura Loman, and Marie LA Schuttelaar. "Prevalence and severity of hand eczema in the Dutch general population: a cross-sectional, questionnaire study within the Lifelines cohort study." Acta dermato-venereologica 102 (2022).
  2. For usage of atopic dermatitis/eczema data:
  Zhang, Junfen, et al. "Prevalence of adult atopic dermatitis in the general population, with a focus on moderate-to-severe disease." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 35.11 (2021): e787-e790

• Recognizable as variables following the following structure adii_XXX_adu_c_1
• ADII wiki page
• Required reference: none
• Recommended paper to include: van Woudenbergh, Geertruida J., et al. "Adapted dietary inflammatory index and its association with a summary score for low-grade inflammation and markers of glucose metabolism: the Cohort study on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) and the Hoorn study." The American journal of clinical nutrition 98.6 (2013): 1533-1542.  https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.056333

• Recognizable as variables following the structure cancertype_XXX_adu_c_X and as cancer_metastasis_adu_c_1.
• Cancer types wiki page
• Required reference: Cortés-Ibáñez, Francisco O et al. “The validity of self-reported cancer in a population-based cohort compared to that in formally registered sources.” Cancer epidemiology vol. 81 (2022): 102268. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2022.102268

• Recognizable as variable cfs_cdc_adu_c_1
• CFS diagnostic score wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variables cogstate_speedidn_all_c_1, cogstate_speeddet_all_c_1, cogstate_speedobk_all_c_1, cogstate_speedcomposite_all_c_1, cogstate_trialstotal_all_c_1, cogstate_trialserror_all_c_1
• Cogstate Speed Composite wiki page
• Required reference: Aretz, Benjamin, et al. "Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, lung function and cognitive performance: A prospective Dutch cohort study on the underlying routes." Environmental Research 201 (2021): 111533.

• Recognizable in the data as sec_c_dhd
• Dutch Healthy Diet index wiki page
• Required references:
  1. Baart, A. Mireille, et al. "Dietary intake in the lifelines cohort study: Baseline results from the flower food frequency questionnaire among 59,982 participants." Nutrients 14.1 (2021): 48.
  2. Baart, A. Mireille, et al. "Assessment of the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 in the Lifelines cohort study at baseline." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78.3 (2024): 217-227.

• Recognizable as variable educational_attainment_adu_c_1
• Educational attainment wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable in the data as sec_c_foodallergy
• Food allergy wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable in the data as sec_c_ffq
• FFQ sum scores wiki page
• Required reference: Siebelink, Els, Anouk Geelen, and Jeanne HM de Vries. "Self-reported energy intake by FFQ compared with actual energy intake to maintain body weight in 516 adults." British journal of nutrition 106.2 (2011): 274-281.

• Recognizable in the data as sec_c_gender
• Gender index wiki page
• Required reference: Ballering, Aranka V., et al. "Gender and sex independently associate with common somatic symptoms and lifetime prevalence of chronic disease." Social Science & Medicine 253 (2020): 112968.
• It is important to note that the gender index is included in a separate data file called ‘sec_c_gender_results’. No reference is needed for the ‘basic’ gender variable included in (almost) all data files.

• Recognizable by the _c_ in the variable name for the ECG assessment
• Heart rate variability wiki page
• Required reference: none

• An adjusted variable was created to combine the different versions of hsCRP into one variabele at 1A
• Recognizable as variable hscrp_result_adu_c_1
• HsCRP wiki pagina
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variable ibs_rome3_adu_c_1
• IBS wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variables jobcode_position_adu_c_1_XX, jobname_position_adu_c_1_XX, cascotscore_position_adu_c_1_XX, jobcode_currentjob_adu_c_X, jobname_currentjob_adu_c_X,  and cascotscore_currentjob_adu_c_X
• ISCO job coding wiki page
• Required reference: none
• For additional information see download below

• Recognizable as variables dietscore_quintile_adu_c_1 and dietscore_total_adu_c_1
• LLDS wiki page
• Required reference: Vinke, Petra C., et al. "Development of the food-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) and its application in 129,369 Lifelines participants." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72.8 (2018): 1111-1119.

• Recognizable as variables mini_agph_adu_c_1, mini_anyanx_adu_c_1, mini_anydep_adu_c_1, mini_anyipp_adu_c_1, mini_dys_adu_c_1, mini_gad_adu_c_1, mini_mdd_adu_c_1, mini_pd_adu_c_1, mini_sph_adu_c_1, miniv1_agphyear_adu_c_1, miniv1_anyanxyear_adu_c_1, miniv1_anydepyear_adu_c_1, miniv1_anyippyear_adu_c_1, miniv1_dysyear_adu_c_1, miniv1_gadyear_adu_c_1, miniv1_mddyear_adu_c_1, and miniv1_sphyear_adu_c_1
• MINI derivatives wiki page
• Required reference: van Loo, Hanna M., et al. "Prevalence of internalizing disorders, symptoms, and traits across age using advanced nonlinear models." Psychological medicine 53.1 (2023): 78-87.

• Recognizable as variables neocomplete_XXX_adu_c_1, neoimputed_XXX_adu_c_1, neonumber_XXX_adu_c_1, and neovalid_XXX_adu_c_1
• Personality sum scores wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable in the data as sec_l_birthplace
• Province of birth wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variables
• ess_categoryscore_adu_c_1, ess_totalscore_adu_c_1
  mctq_msfree_adu_c_1, mctq_msfreecorrected_adu_c_1, mctq_msw_adu_c_1, mctq_sdfree_adu_c_1, mctq_sdweek_adu_c_1, mctq_sdwork_adu_c_1, mctq_socialjetlag_adu_c_1, mctq_socialjetlagabs_adu_c_1
  psqi_componentscore_adu_c_X, psqi_globalscore_adu_c_1, psqi_qualityscore_adu_c_1
• Sleep indices wiki page
• Required reference: Kocevska, Desana, et al. "Sleep characteristics across the lifespan in 1.1 million people from the Netherlands, United Kingdom and United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Nature human behaviour 5.1 (2021): 113-122.

• Recognizable as variablescigarettes_frequency_adu_c_2, cigarillos_frequency_adu_c_2, cigars_frequency_adu_c_2, current_smoker_adu_c_2, ecigars_frequency_adu_c_1, ever_smoker_adu_c_2, ex_smoker_adu_c_2, never_smoker_adu_c_1, packyears_cumulative_adu_c_2, pipetobacco_frequency_adu_c_2, recent_starter_adu_c_2, smoking_duration_adu_c_2, smoking_endage_adu_c_2, smoking_habit_adu_c_2, smoking_startage_adu_c_2, total_frequency_adu_c_1
  cigarettes_frequency_adu_qc_1, cigarettes_frequency_adu_qc_1_a, cigarillos_frequency_adu_qc_1, cigarillos_frequency_adu_qc_1_a, cigars_frequency_adu_qc_1, cigars_frequency_adu_qc_1_a, pipetobacco_frequency_adu_qc_1, pipetobacco_frequency_adu_qc_1_a, smoking_current_adu_qc_1, smoking_endage_adu_qc_1, smoking_endage_adu_qc_1_01, smoking_frequency_adu_qc_1_01, smoking_fullyear_adu_qc_1, smoking_startage_adu_qc_1, smoking_startage_adu_qc_1_01, smoking_stopped_adu_qc_1, smoking_type_adu_qc_1_01
• Smoking derivatives wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variables XXX_change_all_c_1, XXX_lowerlimit_all_c_1,XXX_percpredicted_all_c_1, XXX_predicted_all_c_1, XXX_zscore_all_c_1, fev1fvc_upperlimit_all_c_1, spirometry_bodylength_all_c_1, spirometry_valid_all_c_1
• Spirometry reference values wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variables squashsum_activityscore_adu_c_2_b, squashsum_activityscore_adu_c_2_c, squashsum_minperweek_adu_c_2_b, squashsum_minperweek_adu_c_2_c, squashsum_missing_adu_c_1, squashsum_missing_adu_c_2_a, squashsum_missing_adu_c_2_b, squashsum_missing_adu_c_2_c, squashsum_missing_adu_c_2_d, squashsum_mvpaduration_adu_c_1, squashsum_mvpascore_adu_c_1, squashsum_reliability_adu_c_2
• QUASH sum scores wiki page
• Required reference: none
• Additional information: Byambasukh, Oyuntugs. "Physical activity and cardiometabolic health: Focus on domain-specific associations of physical activity over the life course" University of Groningen (2020). https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.112903501

• Recognizable as variables
  ldi_flag_adu_c_1, ldi_sumscore_adu_c_1, lte_flag_adu_c_1, lte_sumscore_adu_c_1
• Stress sum scores wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable as variables nova_energyratio_adu_c_X, nova_foodintake_adu_c_X, nova_reliabilityffq_adu_c_1, nova_weightratio_adu_c_X
• UPF categorization wiki page
• Required reference: Duan, Ming-Jie, et al. "Ultra-processed food and incident type 2 diabetes: studying the underlying consumption patterns to unravel the health effects of this heterogeneous food category in the prospective Lifelines cohort." BMC medicine 20.1 (2022): 1-11.

• Assessment code dag3
• DAG3 wiki page
• Required reference: none

• DEEP wiki page
• Required reference for use of methylation data:
  Bonder, Marc Jan, et al. "Disease variants alter transcription factor levels and methylation of their binding sites." Nature genetics 49.1 (2017): 131-138.
• Required banner:
  Lifelines DEEP Cohort:
  Lude Franke1, Sasha Zhernakova1, Jingyuan Fu1, Morris Swertz1, Cisca Wijmenga1
  1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,  The Netherlands
  - Please have a look at this publication as an example on how to use the banner. You could add "Lifelines DEEP Cohort" to the author list.
• Required acknowledgement: 
  Generation and management of Lifelines Deep data is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant to Cisca Wijmenga, ERC  Starting Grant to Lude Franke and Sasha Zhernakova, a VIDI grant to Lude Franke, Jingyuan Fu and Morris Swertz and several other subsidies from NWO / ZonMW.

• GWAS wiki page
• Required reference: Francioli, Laurent C., et al. "Whole-genome sequence variation, population structure and demographic history of the Dutch population." Nature genetics 46.8 (2014): 818-825.
• Two co-authorships need to be included in the publication in coordination with Dr Morris Swertz, Head of the Genomics Coordination Center, UMCG. 

• Assessment code UGLI (UGLI1, UGLI2, UGLI3)
• UGLI wiki page
• No reference required for the use of UGLI1 and UGLI2
  UGLI3 currently has a publication restriction: the UGLI-consortium is currently preparing their manuscript describing the dataset and its primary analyses. Other manuscripts using UGLI3 data may not be submitted before 31 December 2026.

• Recognizable in the data as sec_l_elapse
• Air polution wiki page
• Required reference: none
• Paper providing additional information: de Hoogh, Kees, et al. "Development of West-European PM2. 5 and NO2 land use regression models incorporating satellite-derived and chemical transport modelling data." Environmental research 151 (2016): 1-10.

• Recognizable in the data as sec_l_cbs
• Municipal codes wiki page
• Required reference: none

• Recognizable in de data as statusscores_for_ses
• Socioeconomic status scores wiki page
• Required reference: none